Preliminary English Machine Translation Alexander Medvedev RUSSIAN MISSION IN CHINA 1685-1745 For the first time orthodox Russian people appear within the limits of present China in Xlll century when after burning of some tens thousand by Mongols of Kiev captured have been withdrawn in deep areas of Asia. But already to the middle of the following century they, not having communication with the native land and spiritual support, assimilate completely and dissolved in local tribes. The relations of Russia with China are done by more frequent from middle XVll of a century, coinciding with change in China the Minsk dynasty on manchurian: the government, being able to not suppress country revolts independently gone about 20 years has invited for this purpose manchurian army, but rendering such service to Chinese manchurians have not wished to leave. Trehsottysjachnoj armies of a new dynasty was insufficiently for the maintenance in humility of people already then totaling about 100 million person why manchurians have engaged in violent resettlement from Priamurja all related to themselves of tribes on territory of Median empire. Thus the watercourse Amur by 50-th years of century, time when for the first time Russian settlements appear at Pacific coast, was artificial is devastated. Enthusiastic stories about riches of the country and its inhabitants, told to cossack Pojarkovym for the first time passed across Amur in 1643 with party of eager people, have caused inflow of new pioneers. By this time Yenisei voevoda Pashkov will finally penetrate for Baikal, into the country of Tungus and the Buryat. " Old optovshchik Pavlov Habarov, with sluzhilymi and eager, with industrial people, in 1650 on gosudarevu service has gone on speh and has come in new daurskuju the ground, on great on the Cupid-river, in knjazh Lavkaevo reigning, to them daurskomu to city. And they, daurskie people, podsmotrja and not having admitted up to that them daurskogo cities, have left on a sortie, and in that place with them fight have put and fought with them from half of day up to vecheri. And on that I fight them daurskih people of many have beaten, and at it JArofeja in a shelf of any person to death have not killed, only pereranili twenty person. And those daurskie knjazja and with the ulusnymi people against that I fight there could not be and, pokinja that hailstones and with grain stocks, pometavsja on horses, all have run downwards on the Cupid-river... And it JArofej with that army has borrowed that Albazin daurskoj city and in it zasel. " Having secured podderzhkoju several sot person Habarov Habarov in the spring of 1651 has gone downwards on the river where has found out that there there lived Tungus, chjuchery, giljaki, rendering tribute to the Amur owner Lamkaju and reign bogdojskomu SHemshahanu. Has brightly collected from them a tribute and for Russian tsar. In 1651 Albazin already was a jail enclosed with a palisade, and served cossacks as a starting point for poamurskih sorties: " cossacks floated across Amur, fighted with daurskimi people, beat off at them cattle, took jasak sables, asked on inhabitants across Amur and other rivers ". Here is how writes the Siberian heads about life of cossacks in Albazine: " And JArofej Habarov with sluzhilymi and with eager with industrial people... Live in city Albazine, in the most strong place, and for pomoshchiju-de, Sovereign, Bozhieju chajut favour Bozhieja, that daurskim ljudem from that place will survive them nothing mochno. And breads - de, Sovereign, at them sluzhilyh people though for five years, ino will be spare, that is taken in city at daurskih people ". Reaction to such campaigns became departure by the first emperor of new dynasty SHun-chzhi the same year to Albazinu thousand army, but having dispersed some restless people Chinese have not touched a fortress as she stood on neutral formally territories. " Such acts from the Russian party Chinese bogdyhana in sumnenie and have resulted fear. And for that this ordered to declare to the Russian commandants of Nerchinsk and Albazina that they not only sent its any anxiety to repair did not dare and jasaku did not collect, but tako-@, razorja Albazin and other from them the constructed fortresses, retired. Odnakozh commandants on that have made the answer, that they without the decree of Sovereign cannot repair that ". Business has ended with destruction of a fortress, but has not stopped kolonizatsionnyh intentions Russian zemleprohodtsev. " In 1661 been going in ilimskom a jail pjatidesjatnik Nikiforko Chernigov with comrades the person from hundred, from ilimskogo a jail have left in daurskuju the ground and on the Cupid-river have constructed again a jail albazinsky and have got an arable land. From albazinskogo to a jail it was sent to Moscow jasaku before arrival of Chinese people on fifty, on soroku sorokov sables, under the Moscow price on nine, on osmi and on seven thousand rublev ". Ujdja to Amur for the sake of possible disgrace on the part of the government for murder by him ilimskogo voevody, Nikiforko has grasped with itself the builder kirenskogo a monastery, startsa Germogena which in 1771 with the consent of all albazintsev has put in pawn near a jail a monastery in the name of Vsemilostivogo Spasa, by its diligence it has been constructed in fortresses and church of Revival Hristova. In 1672 some peasants from Nerchinsk here have been transferred and began correct agriculture. Having arranged affairs Chernigov has sent to Moscow the petition with prosboju about a pardon for murder voevody. Guilty have been forgiven, and the founder of settlement on Amur is awarded 2000 roubles. By 1681 all priamursky the edge made possession of Russia, the main items here were Albazin and other seven jails, except for that across Amur there were some more large villages and villages. In 1684 in Moscow have decided to arrange in Albazine voevodstvo in reply to numerous requests of the cossacks restricted by foreigners, about prisylke the help. The city has received the arms: an eagle with open wings, with an onions in the left leg and an arrow in right, and a reinforcement as a shelf of cossacks and Siberian eager people. Voevodoj Alexey Tolbuzin has been appointed. With accession to the throne of new emperor Kansi (1662-1723) Chinese have started to strengthen northern manchzhuriju jails and fortresses and to restrict Russian poselentsev so they have ruined in 1682 dolonsky and selembinsky jails which inhabitants have left, and in 1683 - zejsky and tugirsky, taken this time inhabitants prisoner. Then began tightening forces already against Albazina, but before resolute actions the Chinese party makes an attempt to decline Russian poselentsev on the party. " Bogdojskoj the nice great ground, bogdojsky nice great tsar - bogdyhan the imperial decree has sent in Albazin prikaznomu to the person. In all universe it is nice and great, up to any people it is kind and mercy, as father up to children, and on the ground I live quietly and not to a throne of anybody. And you have come on my ground and mine jasachnyh people expel, from industrial people of sables and stocks take away... And I, bogdojsky tsar, on you have sent the big army, - to kill and ruin you I wish..., also ordered to do above Amur and on Amur and is lower than Amur and on Zeya and cities are lower than Zeya, and I shall not give you still across Amur and across Zeya povolno durovat. And before that order-was where you will not see, here and ordered to beat and imat, and nowadays ordered to call you goods for the name and to favour. And which your Russian in the past 1683 across Amur to the river downwards on Fast have met my army, and those your people have pressed for my name 29 person, and I have much welcome them and not the uniform person did not execute. Before sdatja 4 persons, and those all pereimali have left. And you, albazinskie and nerchinskie people, everyone durna pokintesja: Gantimura with comrades give also you back go back, and we between ourselves shall leave any affairs, and between myself in love to live kindly. And you do not understand that, and on my boundary begin to live, and in those of time you zemleju will not be closed by the sky. To kill you I do not wish, and to you to go far back. And you think, and come to me for my name, and I shall welcome you much. And which cheloveki have left and poimany, and I from those people of two, Michael and Ivan, have welcome and back to you have sent, and with those to two have sent the imperial decree - the Russian letter both bogdojskuju and mungalskuju, and to you about that have been conducted. And bude from you there will be what speeches and the letter, and you with those to two cheloveki send, or priidite, be not afraid of anything. The ambassador to hold belief is not present. Albazinskomu prikaznomu to the person it is conducted we repair. Caen - hi, 22 summers, October of 9 numbers ". Albazintsy were not impressed this with the letter have sent to Nerchinsk behind the help. Having made sure in impossibility to take a fortress small forces Kansi has undertaken many efforts for exclusion Russian from the historical native land: From a dry way stations, - on Sungari running into Amur have been constructed, the whole fleet has been built; on the Amur, is lower Albazina have built a fortress. Huge stocks of provisions for working armies have been made. On lack of agriculture of that country and spare shops, provisions and military shells have thought up to alloy on the river Liao, to deliver them to Sungari. At set of guns, otlityh Catholic missionaries, especially Verbe, have typed the soldier not only in Manchzhurii, but also inside of own China. All army it has been collected 15000 person, with 100 downs and 50 obsidional instruments, under leadership of general Lantanja and Catholic missionaries. And all this army has gone against a small jail in which, except for pashennyh people and women with children, sat only 450 cossacks, with 3 downs and 300 guns. The requirement about delivery Tolbuzin has refused then preparations for storm on June, 14 have begun. Forty Russian noticed on a boat and desiring to swim up to Albazinu after refusal about delivery there was all perebity, women and children are taken in a captivity. Begun after storm proceeded 24 hours and has been beaten off. Then Chinese have started bombardment of a fortress by fiery shells. The garrison has lost about hundred person and defended kamenjami behind an output of all stock of gunpowder and shells. During time osady starets Germogen (V 1690), starets Solovetskogo monastery Tihon and priest Maxim Leontev have persuaded voevodu, seeing unsuccessfulness of unequal struggle to surrender. Chinese have let out all inhabitants from Albazina, having retained only inozemok. Being afraid of charge in started war Kansi beforehand has ordered to address with Russian captured as it is possible more softly, to not do by him any harm, and to offer or return in the Yak (Yakutsk) and Nerchinsk or to act to it in citizenship. To such call has responded only 45 person with several women and children. The others (about 300 person) became witnesses of ruin of city, and, gathered up to is pure were are released by Chinese to Nerchinsk. For the lack of supplies they have been compelled to eat korenjami, Chinese observed for Russian versts 200, up to the last albazinskih villages. For other day cossacks have met the late reinforcement sent by Ivan Vlasovym, nerchinskim voevodoju - 100 person with 300 guns and 3 downs. However on that history Albazina has not ended, next year Tolbuzin again has built up a fortress and she two more years was besieged by Chinese, has not been ruined yet according to the contract from August, 27, 1689 on which Russia conceded the Amur grounds China. Kansi has accepted vdavshihsja on its favour of cossacks mercy, to it it was flatter to be praised pred by people such desperate hrabretsami. Emperor has lodged them on berestovom natural boundary (hoa-pichan), in a northeast corner of capital, at the most city wall. Taking place on affinity Buddhist kumirnju Kansi has given to cossacks in using and they suited in it a chapel in honour of prelate Nikolay which icon they together with other church utensils have grasped with themselves from destroyed Voskresenskogo a temple, they to Beijing as well have carried away priest Maxim. All of them have been ranked as hereditary military estate. Under laws of China, the first place in a number of estates of the celestial state has been given to the civil officials, the second - by the militarian, the third - to farmers, the fourth - to handicraftsmen, the fifth - to merchants and last, the sixth - to slaves and other people of the lowest analysis (to actors, proletarians, etc.) ... Finding the main support for itself in soldiers, the Manchurian dynasty has tried to provide with their significant maintenance. It has given military estate state apartments, and to each private soldier has appointed monthly on 3 lany silver (5 with superfluous Russian roubles) and on 22 bags to rice in a year that makes up to 110 poods annually. Moreover, teenagers from soldier's children, from 10 till 15 years, received half from the soldier's salary, that is 1 1\2 lany in month and a part rice the soldering. Then the government gave out to soldiers a lump sum: on acquisition on the occasion of a marriage 20 roubles, on the occasion of death of father or mother - 25 roubles. At last, in attention to the works, the new dynasty has welcome znamennym knjazjam, to officers and soldiers in eternal hereditary possession sites of arable lands on affinity of capital. The welcome grounds have been for ever relieved from podati in treasury. In prevention of loss of these grounds and for maintenance of future znamennyh the law to which was strictly forbidden has been put to owners to sell, and to Chinese to buy such grounds, under fear of court above the seller with pokupshchikom and otobranija the agreed to sale ground together with the sum received for it of treasury. Poluplennye Albazintsy have been written down in mouth Gudei, organized in 1649 from captured Russian and their descendants (probably it there were kreshchenye Kalmyks or Buryats migrating on the different reasons from Siberia in XVll a century), level with other soldiers they have received all due, a place under a cemetery behind a northeast city wall, but also and wives from the predatory order (sin-bu) - executed criminals. Last measure has very quickly affected a moral condition of cossacks: the pagan corrupted wives have brought in full disharmony to their home life. All conditions influenced them, superseding in their nearest posterity a native heritage and orthodox spirit with what already in the second generation has been compelled to struggle unsuccessfully aged about. Maxim. Of such interactions to half XVlll of century there was an interesting type Beijing albazintsa, not knowing any craft and on service in the imperial guards, considering any other employment unworthy. From it it by an example of the pagan colleagues has grown poor, despite of the big salary reached in other families up to 15 roubles a month, despite of the ready maintenance and convenient apartments. Wasteful, borrowed with itself and the nobleness, rough, uneducated, superstitious, perfidious, crafty, not knowing than to get rid from gravitating above it of a free time and intolerable boredom, it is constant slonjavshijsja on streets, hotels and the theatres, the opium smoking sometimes which was started up in gamble and other crimes, sick soul and a body, it has soon come to be in irredeemable duties at capital usurers, became eventually the talk of the town. It is wonderful, that such type albazintsa was kept in all extent of history of Mission. It specifies a constancy of adverse conditions of a life in Beijing for the orthodox person and on force of pagan influence. But nevertheless the settlement albazintsev in China has not passed for Russia is useless. With time of their settlement in Beijing begin amplified diplomatic and trade relations between the states. On the part of Russia trade with Chinese was begun by the Siberian industrialists, managers of the Siberian cities have soon joined them, and since 1698 have started to be sent and state caravans. Up to middle XVlll of a century almost at each embassy the caravan with the goods has been sent to Beijing. The main cargo of caravans was made with the Siberian furs or " soft stuff ", about 85 % of all promena. At that time she played a role of money. The others of 15 % were a share the tanning and manufactory goods. From Russian soft stuff has most of all gone fiber (from 2 up to 4 million pieces a year), then ermines (from 140 up to 400 thousand pieces), cat's shkurki (100 - 200 thousand pieces), soboli (from 6 up to 16 thousand pieces), horki, a muskrat, foxes, pestsy, martens, otters and beavers. Except for that of furs the significant amount has gone lambskins and sheepskins (up to 1 million skins). Among manufactory and factory Russian products had significant selling in China the tanning goods (juft, kozlovye and opojkovye skins), different linen products, simple cloth, carpets, doormats, then the different iron goods. From Chinese in XVll and XVlll century Russian exchanged mainly kitajku and dabu (canvas), silk matters and silk in syrtse (stones, goli, kafny), some spices and other medicinal substances. Tea then took out rather in a small amount as its use in Russia has not been distributed yet. With activization of trade for albazintsev, familiar with the Chinese language the new field of activity has opened - they began to carry out various dragomanskie duties both in especially trading affairs and in diplomatic, and equally to train Chinese children from the best families in Russian for what in 1758 the Chinese government has organized school. Before opening divine service in albazinskoj a chapel and a temple Russian went to divine service to one of Catholic temples (southern). Under the certificate of the Russian envoy Spafarija, being in Beijing in 1676, Catholic missionaries have elicited at it one orthodox image and have put at itself in a temple that praying Russian could look at it. After updating Russian hundred by captured cossacks departure of service has lain on about. Maxim to whom, for the lack of assistants, served albazintsy. By 1699 about. Maxim was, under one certificate, is old and badly saw, nevertheless changes for it from Russia was not sent. The truth at caravans priests have been sent on business, but to go in albazinsky a temple from an ambassadorial court yard Chinese resolved Russian only under guards from three person. O.Maxim has served up to 1711 silt of 1712. In 1695 the Tobolsk metropolitan Ignaty (1692-1700) has sent to Beijing verhoturskogo priest Grigory and Tobolsk diakona Lavrentija with antiminsom, over. The World, prayer books and church utensils. For a reinforcement metropolitan has written about. To Maxim the letter: " About sacred Spirit to the son and sosluzhitelju our humility, to the preacher of the sacred Gospel in Chinese tsarstvii, reverential iereju to Maxim Leontevu and all orthodox hristianom, living in Chinese tsarstvii, arhipastyrskoe blessing... I Am glad az about your correction; ashche and in a captivity pribyvaeshi, but itself, with Bozhieju pomoshchiju, plenjaeshi cheloveki nevedushchija in knowledge evangelskija truths: and this for the sake of, vozljublenne, yes is not confused, below yes your soul and all captivated with you about your that case is offended, ponezhe Bozhii to will who protivitisja can? And your capture not without advantage the Chinese inhabitant, jako Hristovy pravoslavnyja belief light him you opens, and to you rescue sincere and the heavenly bribe is multiplied ". Having listed then persons, about which svjashch. Maxim should pray behind a liturgy, mitr. Ignaty has ordered to apply the application and on the Chinese emperor: " Molitisja sitse after gosudarskih ekteny: still we pray to the Lord to our God pomilovati the slave a name of the rivers bogdyhanova majesties as it in titles write, umnozhiti summers of its stomach and darovati to it noble a smoke to a heritage of their sort, both izbaviti it and boljar it from vsjakija to grief, anger and need and from vsjakija to illness dushevnyja and telesnyja, and otkryti to them light of evangelical education, and prostiti to it any sin, free and involuntary, and soediniti it svjatej the sobornej and apostolic church, jako yes will receive and tsarstvie heavenly ". Having consecrated in 1696 with the sent clerics a chapel in honour of Sofia Knowledges Bozhiej about. Maxim began neopustitelnoe fulfilment of the Divine Liturgy. Except for the duties on a temple about. Maxim carried out also a role "polkovogo" the priest having gone together with the pasomymi in a campaign against Kalmyks, having shaved preliminary a head on - manchzhurski. Coming to Beijing with caravans Russian saw degradation of morals among cossacks and their descendants, kakovye news reached and the Tobolsk metropolitan Filofeja (Feodora) written to them in 1711 the accusatory letter after which they, under the certificate about. Maxim in its answer mitr. To John Maksimovichu, came in consciousness and again began to obey the aged pastor. O.Maxim has died, as was spoken above, in 1711 or 1712 and was otpet, probably, Catholic missionaries not indifferent to destinies of the Russian law to people appeared in China. In 1698г. Vinius, dumnyj the clerk, wrote from Tobolsk Peter the Great abroad, that in Beijing Russian church is constructed, and that many Chinese were christened. Peter answered it: " That business very fairly. Only, for the God, act in that dangerously and not very much, that Chinese chiefs not privest in rage, also iezuvitov which there from many times have the jack. To what there nadobny priests not so scientists, as reasonable and podkladnye that chrez the some kichenie this sacred business has not taken place in the most malicious falling as that was made in Epanii ". News from Beijing about position there the Chinese citizens of the Russian piety people were, undoubtedly are transferred to Peter who already on June, 18, 1700 has issued the remarkable decree which has provided future of Orthodox Mission in Beijing: " For the statement and augmentation in orthodox belief and the sermon over. The Gospel in idolopoklonnyh peoples (China), takozh for reduction jasachnyh peoples in belief Christian and over. The Christening which near Tobolsk and other Siberian cities live, Great Sovereign, speaking about that with the most holy patriarch (Adrianom U on October, 15 1700г.), Has specified to write to the Kiev metropolitan (Varlaamu Yasinsky) that it, imitating about that sacred and charitable business, has looked in malorossijskoj the area in cities and monasteries from archimandrites and hegumens or others well-known inokov kind and scientific and good life of the person to which in Tobolsk to be metropolitan, and could Bozhiej the help in China and in Siberia in blindness idolosluzhenija and in other neverstvijah impenitent the person to result in knowledge and service of the true, alive God, and two or three person which could Chinese and mungalskomu to language and the letter nauchitis, and their superstition having learnt would result with itself kind and scientific not aged inokov, could firm over. The Gospels reasons many souls of area temnyja sataninskija to result in light of knowledge of the Christ of our God and tamo (in Beijing) living and visitors of Christians from charm of everyone idolosluzhenija them otvaditi, and tako could zhiti, and at that constructed church (albazinskoj) sluzhiti that good life of khan Chinese and its near people and obshche their people to lead to that sacred business and to Russian people to people which on all years about caravans for the tender and for any parcels porubezhnyh go, uchenit itself sklonitelnyh ". Peter the Great repeated the decree in 1703, reminded of that both in 1706 and in 1710, but on intrigues of jesuits and consequently that business was conducted not properly could move only by 1711 when carrying out plans of the secular and spiritual governments a merchant Grigory Oskolkov, former that year the commissioner of a caravan, got support of Catholic missionaries, has led business as that was wished by the Chinese ministers, having supported the application prosboju and albazintsev. The next year, on death about. Maxim, albazintsy again asked then commissioner Khudyakov hadajstvovat about prisylke to them of the pastor. That year Kansi sent to Kalmyks in near-Caspian steppes embassy, from a permission of the Russian authorities why has considered the application favourably and only asked Khudyakov, forced to accompany with the Chinese envoys that with Mission the doctor has been sent to China, skilful in treatment of external illnesses. Resolution Kansi has been immediately reported by Prince Gagarinym, the governor of Tobolsk, to emperor Peter who has enjoined mitr. To John to pick up for this Missions of worthy people. Under the order metropolitan at the end of 1712 or in the beginning of 1713 was and the following persons are authorized: 1. Arh. Illarion Lezhajsky (maloross, it come from Chernigov, the pupil of the Kiev Spiritual Academy. It was the employee of the Chernigov archbishop John Maksimovicha transferred then to Tobolsk, then with mitr. Filofeem has moved to Tobolsk (1702) and in a dignity ieromonaha has consisted some time at arhierejskom the house as the preacher or ekonoma. In 1709 it has been made in a dignity of archimandrite and the chief Yakut Spasskogo a monastery, and also in the customer (manager) Kirenskogo and Ilimskogo jails with districts. In 1713 mitr. John has selected it in chiefs of the first Beijing Spiritual Mission. 2. Priest Lavrenty. Probably it was in Beijing in a dignity diakona in 1696 at consecration Nikolskoj of a chapel in the Temple of St.. Sofia. 3. Diakon Filimon. Its biography is unknown. Both these persons have been appointed by members of mission. Seven churchmen have been attached to them, probably, from pupils of the Tobolsk Slavic-and-Russian school open mitr. Filofeem in 1704. It were: 1.Iosif Deacons (U in Beijing about 1736). 2.Nikanor Kljusov (U in Beijing in 1737). 3.Petr Maksimov Jakutov. (U in Beijing in 1737). 4.Grigory Smagin (has left to Russia in 1718). 5.Feodor Kolesnikov (has left to Russia in 1717). 6.Iosif Afanasev (has left to Russia in 1717). The first Mission has been supplied decently. Icons, a vestry, utensils and prayer books have been given to it. Metropolitan John all over again was at a loss to give the chief of Mission mitru, including same very much ubytochnoju for Tobolsk arhierejskoj vestries, and has conceded her only after prince Gagarin was promised instead of conceded to make at own expense other. In the maintenance of Mission it has been released: 1. " Arh. Illarionu on rise 300 rublev. 2. To the priest and diakonu, with it sent, on 60 rublev on the person. 3. To seven persons the chorister and the attendant 80 rublev on rise. 4. Forty buckets fault which in four gorodeh was present, on 10 buckets. 5. From the bishop Tobolsk the decree has been given everywhere on monastyreh, on a way happened, to give, that nadobno, to prozhivleniju up to the border ". 6. The salary has been given to archimandrite Illarionu in quantity of 160 roubles from Irkutsk for two years. Under this clause the staff has been determined on first time in such kind: to the Chief of Mission of 100 roubles in a year, to the priest and diakonu on 20 roubles a year, the chorister on 10 roubles on the person. Money has been determined to cause from Irkutsk " povsjagodno with a caravan ". Besides to the Chief of Mission it has been handed: 28 spoons silver, a tray, yes 6 cups silver, two caftans cloth, yes a cassock satiny brown. Having organized Mission waited for arrival of ambassadors to Kalmyk Ajuke-khan that on a return way to go with it to China. Ambassadors have left Beijing on June, 15, 1712 and arrived to Tobolsk on August, 14, 1713, after 6 months of expectation of the senatorial decree about their miss to Russia. At reception by their prince Gagarinym ambassadors have transferred the consent on the part of the Beijing board to the application of commissioner Oskolkova " which declared our Beijing board, that in our capital, for departure on their Russian belief of service Bozhiej lamov is not present, and there was de only from Russian people one Dmitrej, but also that is rather old, that if de it will die, already remain nobody after it who was to their Russian belief sent service, that Russian llamas to be sent have, if de only soblagovoleno will be. And about sem it (Oskolkova) the application of the grandee to our Its Majesty to our Most holy khan, the report have made, and Its Majesty, in pleasure of that application, lamov to send has enjoined. Yes also it was ordered their this commissioner to send to us one doctor, in treatment of external illnesses iskusnago if is present in their Russian ground. And that to us (Ambassadors) poveleno to take their Russian lamov and doctors, bude they will be sent with us whereas we shall depart back. Gagarin (the Tobolsk governor) has told about all this business to us on that, that priests are at it in readiness, and the doctor skilful at it is not, but it wrote about that to Moscow, and hopes, that by then will arrive, as we shall go " back. Having left from Tobolsk on August, 21, 1713 ambassadors arrived in kocheve Ajuki-khan on July, 1, 1714 and in two weeks have gone to Tobolsk. From Tobolsk the basic part of embassy together with members of Mission have left on February, 3, 1715 and arrived to Beijing in the beginning of 1716. The first Orthodox Mission from Russia has been accepted in Beijing with especial honour and attention. Bogdyhan has enlisted its members in the maximum estates of the state, namely: archimandrite has welcome a tangerine of 5-th degree, the priest with diakonom - tangerines of a 7-degree, and pupils were ranked as estate by the soldier. To all members of mission state apartments near albazinskoj churches and, probably, sites of the ground, and also the time grant have been allocated: to archimandrite 800 lan silver (1500 roubles) and to it on attendants 600 lan (1100 roubles), to the priest and diakonu on 600 lan to everyone and on attendants on 400 lan, to churchmen on 300 lan and on attendants on 200 lan to everyone. Over it from the tribunal has been determined to make him the monthly salary: to clerics on 41\2 lany silver (the officer salary), to churchmen on 11\2 lana, yes from state shops to rice on everyone on three measure. In three years it was necessary to give out on a dress: to archimandrite on 40 lan (70 roubles), To the priest and diakonu on 30 lan, to churchmen по20 lan. In total on the Russian Mission 428 roubles 70 copecks were released by the Chinese government. At a then rate. To completion of goodwill bogdyhan has given some of churchmen of wives, undoubtedly kreshchenyh them, and izuchivshih Chinese with manchurian languages has attached to the tribunal of external relations for translation of the letters received from the Russian senate and sent to the senate the Chinese board foreign has put. About activity of the first Mission few data were kept, it is known that owing to good structure she has involved in Russian church a number of local residents going on harmonous divine service got arh. Illarionom. Bogdyhan every month sent the official to inquire after health of the chief of Mission (whereas after it did it only twice a year, that on native concepts was great honour). Soon three attendants have been sent to Siberia owing to illnesses and homesickness. After their sending started to be ill and arh. Illarion, for simplification of sufferings it went on curative waters in 22 versts from Beijing, but on a return way it on April, 26, 1718 has suddenly died. On death of the chief members of Mission have addressed in Beijing trebunal external relations which has sent a sheet to prince Gagarin, having handed over to its two more members of Mission done to come back home (diakonu Filimonu and to Grigory Smaginu): " You before asked from emperor that Russian, taking place in our great empire, could create prays in church and ask from the God eternal between both states of the world. And for that with our tangerine Imjanom second a class you have sent arh. Illariona, svjashch. Lavrentija, diakona Filimona, about family Russian, about koih arrival to this state as we have soon reported on ours preudivitelnogo Sovereign it of archimandrite of the fifth degree, and and diakona the seventh degree mandarinstva of denomination has made the priest: domy, izhdevenie and kormy and all required has given them; and that Has got hoarse Deacons and other seven could marry, has supplied with their money, and with our Russian for a pray in church has connected. This year your archimandrite Illarion, boleznovav, has died. And as from time of the decision of borders between both states (in 1689г.) We lived in the great consent, - that for the sake of we diakona Filimona and sluzhivogo have sent Grigory which to you will declare death onago archimandrite. You, Gagarin, define, whether hochete here to send the second archimandrite, or to you to return and the others which are here taking place. And about sem to us the answer came ". Having received news about death about. Illariona mitr. Filofej, again operating then the Siberian diocese on death mitr. John Maksimovicha, wrote to Prince Gagarin on April, 4, 1719: the Letter mitr. Filofeja to prince Gagarin from April, 4, 1719: " We thank the God that the Christian belief, name Bozhie slavitsja in jazytseh extends, and henceforth there is a hope for glorification of name Bozhija among Chinese... Ashche on yours sijatelstvo priimeshi on Boze jealousy, with preosvjashchennym Stefanom Yavorsky having advised, report to its Imperial Majesty, and having selected the kind and wise person, there in an empire Chinese will send not zamedlja. Ashche though and a grade arhierejskim honour, and to clergy with it the person 15 poslati, ponezhe they Chinese understand that, that Its Imperial Majesty for strengthening an everlasting peace of such people will send ". The idea of prelate on establishment in China episcopal faculty with sympathy has been perceived by members Pravitelstvujushchego of the Senate and St.. Synod. In opinion of the chief of the eighth Mission arh. Sofronija Gribanovskogo as an occasion to that the hearing dismissed come back of Beijing diakonom Filimonom has served about that as if has wished to be christened itself bogdyhan though actually and the ardent desire of this Catholics has not excelled in spite of the fact that jesuit Verbe (V 1687), being almost permanently at emperor during its early childhood, exhausted all eloquence for reference Kansi which rendered the big respect for " religion of the Lord of the sky ", did not prohibit even to accept its citizen, but itself has remained and has died in jazychestve. In 1719 Peter 1 has sent the extreme envoy to Beijing guards of the captain of the Lion of Izmaylov, under the instruction mitr. Filofeja that has taken with itself(himself) arh. Irkutsk Voskresenskogo monastery Antonija Platkovskogo " for for the sake of service of divine liturgies ". Aged emperor has favourably accepted the envoy, having allowed it " without ceremony is to drink and have fun ", but pergovory with the Chinese ministers did not give special results neither on trading questions nor on problems of Mission - jealously preserving the liberties representatives of Catholic propagation in Beijing have tried to brake requirements of the Russian envoy for the benefit of Orthodoxy and to substitute to Izmaylov a leg at its further relations with the tribunal. Therefore chrez three months the ambassador has left not having decided a question about prisylke substitutions to left missionaries, has left with it and arh. Antony. Then in capital of median empire there were not few jesuits after whom since 1631 there arrived dominicans and Franciscans from Italy, France, Portugal (jesuits appear in China in beginning XVl of century). To twenty French missionaries Lui XlV has appointed a board in 9200 livrov Papal emissaries received grants and from Chinese bogdyhana, for what, except for other works, with 1708 on 1718 have made the geographical atlas of the Chinese empire at which processing 9 jesuits worked. By 1723 they totaled in China from above 300 000 prozelitov , Were otlity 450 guns, and also to XVlll to a century have translated into the Chinese language up to 500 books of the religious-moral maintenance, including Shabby and the New testament. Representatives of various Catholic congregations have extracted to themselves in Beijing sites of the ground and on them by 1721 have erected 4 temples. One of them, northern, was even in " red city ", near a palace. Jesuits have received this place from Kansi in gratitude for its treatment from a dangerous fever. But at such favourable position at this time in the environment of Catholic missionaries strong contentions (since 1655) because of indulgences of jesuits to the Chinese customs have gone2 Also undermined force and value of Catholics in Beijing. Before arrival of the Lion of Izmaylov to capital of China was papal legat Metstsabarba with neudavshejusja missieju on questions at issue. Idea mitr. Filofeja about a parcel in the Celestial empire of bishop has found full approval at Peter 1 and on this service has been elected ieromonah Innokenty Kulchitsky. Under the legend Irkutsk letopistsa Pezhemskogo, it has been caused from the south of Russia among others "dobrozhitelstvujushchih" monashestvujushchih for updating just based then Neva Laurels. Here it has soon been appointed naval ober-ieromonahom. And as under the sea charter traced rukoju of Peter, on ober-ieromonahe the duty laid during a week to visit each ship, to operate ship ieromonahami and to resolve their bewilderment, on this to one about. Innokenty should be well-known to the converter of Russia. On February, 14 novouchrezhdennyj the Synod reported Sovereign: " Certain in the state Hinskoe ierom. Whether Innokentija Kulchitskogo the bishop Irkutsk and Nerchinskim for affinity to this state to devote? Whether and for the most convenient manner from the Siberian diocese to separate? " Sovereign answered: " In bishops to devote, but it is better without a title of cities, ponezhe sii than city porubezhnye to Cinchona that jesuits not peretolkovali inako and bedstva would not put ". On February, 25 about. Innokenty asked about the same: " Ashche it is possible to separate to me boundary gorody, jako Irkutsk, Yakutsk and Nerchinsk; and for the sake of postavlenija, ashche the need will call, it will be possible with a caravan to China the protege to come. Ashche this it is impossible zdelat to found worthy traktamentom that to me and vysheoznachennym to grades, are hardy tamo, at Tatars of favour not zhebrat and Russia bezchestija to not repair ". On March, 4 newly elected has been named, and next day hirotonisan in bishop Perejaslavskogo (on force Vl of rule Halkidonskogo of a cathedral). On April, 19 it has left Petersburg. After it St.. Synod had been sent to it the letter (on May, 12), containing in itself to the instruction to bishop: " The most holy pravitelstvujushchy Synod Preosvjashchennomu Innokentiju, to bishop pereslavskomu, the world, health and in business Bozhija going piety blagopospeshenija. In pravitelstvujushchy pravitelstvujushchy the Senate of this April 27 days have sent the spiritual Synod, for prodpisaniem the hands, a sheet, with copies slaveno-Russian and latinskoju, gosudarstvennoju posolskoju pechatiju sealed which about your person has is sent to be its majesties bogdojskogo and the Chinese khan to the Supreme ministers and the states it has put the manager, and from these the sloveno-Russian and latin copies is sent to yours arhierejstvu to a copy. Between sim it is conducted to you byti hoshchem that you, after the arrival the in Cinchona, did not say tamo about yourselves, that you arhierejsky have a dignity, ponezhe pravitelstvujushchy the Senate pravitelstvujushchego the Synod to the ober-secretary spoke, that you to repair that did not dare, about what you from sent to hinskim to senators of the letter that not uchenilosja kakovoe prepjatie from opponents of orthodox Russian our belief, and it is more from the main enemies of jesuits who since olden days custom have sejati posrede wheat of Orthodoxy plevely contentions and ponosheny for prepjatija to kind intention can understand: yes not kako and zde it will be said the Christ of our Savior a word to voprosivshemu it: My God! Whether a kind seed sowed esi, otkudu ubo imat plevely?,-реченное: the enemy the person create it. And if who occasionally from local notable and high persons about your grade you voprosit: That can tell, that have a grade of episcopacy of that for the sake of, that can impose the priest or diakona when them nadobno will be on a place died, instead of another for the sake of what, - and that with considerable fear. Vprotchem from the Lord of the God and Spasa our Jesus Christ paki and paki any blessing both in the sermon of Orthodoxy and in reception useful blagopospesheny to yours preosvjashchenstvu vseuserdno it is desirable ". And for other day the recommendatory letter or " a sheet signed by hands pravitelstvujushchego of the Senate, to the senate hinskogo khan about bishop Innokentii Kulchitskom sent in cinchona with sluzhitelmi " by the way containing such words has been sent: " Its Imperial Majesty has judged zapotrebno to enjoin to send from here to Beijing on a place pomjanutogo umershago archimandrite, for departure tamo divine services and all tamo belonging under our law spiritual has put, the spiritual person, mister Innokentija Kulchitskogo and with it of two ieromonahov and two diakonov and some attendants. And tako we, founded from Its Imperial Majesty pravitelstvujushchy state affairs the Senate, on the most gracious command, yours sijatelstv and excellencies ask friendly, that on its your representation hanovo majesty pomjanutomu to mister Kulchitskomu... Has allowed not tokmo in Beijing to stay and service divine in church, as usual our Christian, to send, but also in other places of the state.. ., where there are people of our law, for visiting these, nevozbranno to go, and osoblivo that it anew hanskoe majesty, on available friendship with Imperial Majesty, has desired to contain our law church and pomjanutogo mister Kulchitskogo, with all attendants and other nasheja hristianskija belief people, in the patronage and favour, for what is mutual..., that it hanovu to majesty blagougodno to be, to its pleasure it will be willingly executed ". Travel of prelate up to Irkutsk last with lishkom 11 months, after the arrival it wrote OVER. To the Synod in the report on September, 2, 1722: " I have arrived in Irkutsk city to 1722 of March in the first chisleh. And after the arrival, not hesitating it is not enough, mister Ivan Ivanovich Poluektov, voevoda Irkutsk, has sent the letter in Urgu, oznajmujushchee about mine to China wanderings, to Tushetuhanu, to the owner mungalskomu which it, jako and before happened, tamo has sent. I tym in Troitsko-selinginskoj was interrupted by time a monastery and tamo waited to the answer. But this Tushetuhan pisma has not accepted, with those otgovorom: " for what voevoda did not write to me, about chom toe pismo it is sent to China? " And tako that poslanets it is lean has come back. Sent and to another to the same voevoda in April, clearly declaring it in it gramotke about what toe pismo it is sent; but already sent has not received Tushetuhana in Urge, otshel bo in shelfs hanskie. Sent and in tretie; and though sent also has found it in Urge but also then has made nothing: has read bo gramotku, from voevody to it written, has thrown, and drugija pisma back in Selenginsk has sent. At last, though I originally uvedomitisja, whether prijmet this Tushetuhan a sheet, about me written and whether will send to China, or at all will give up, perevedshi the list from the letter, with Beijinga to Gagarin written about the other chief, from Russian on mungalsky language, sent the diakona Filimona in Urgu in July. And zaledvo tako has accepted and has sent in Beijing togozh July of 18 numbers, whence and on it still the number did not happen the answer, and whether will be henceforth, I do not know, and that for the sake of in Selinginsku sideti is forced esm ". Jesuits, uznavshi soon about intentions of the Russian government and being afraid to meet on behalf of orthodox bishop of the dangerous contender, have advised the Chinese ministers nedopuskat preosv. Innokentija to Beijing. On September, 24 Tushetuhan nevertheless has sent the foggy answer, which prelate has applied on the report: " About reception of this mister with the marked number of people to Beijing though, under the decree of imperial majesty, irkutskogo the chief wrote cities, and from the Siberian province from the governor any pisma is not present; also that Izmaylov has taken away from us signs on sheets printed and that is not present. Odnakozh se not the reason. And ponezhe about ours mungalskih fugitives and about their affairs against sent pisma rebuffs and on nowadays are not present, and that for and this mister let poumedlit to go to Beijing. And when about our fugitives and about their feedback there will be a search then and about reception pomjanutogo mister there will be an advice and the contract ". To the answer preosvjashchennomu has been specified to arrive in Selenginske urgently. In the beginning of 1723 the hearing about death of khan Kansi and the introduction on a throne of its fourth son Young - chzhena has reached. With new sovereign strong reaction against Catholics began in empire: Christian divine service was forbidden (Russian it did not concern), temples in the majority are selected and transformed into public buildings, missionaries were sent on the south - to Canton and Macao, showing resistance have been put in an imprisonment, and the some people are executed. The set of Catholics has renounced belief. Being afraid to irritate Russia Young - chzhen has sent embassy for other year. Prelate Innokenty wrote to St.. Synod in this subject 14 августа1724 year: " In sem present 1724 there were from hinskogo the states Ambassadors Plenipotentiary... For the contract about natives from mungalskoj zemlitsy and others for the sake of claims, which agent Lang has desired to speak about that have accepted mene to Beijing, offering them toe, that from them was pisano in Russian imperium that other chief of Mission on a place umershago has been sent, takozhde, as to their Senate Russian to them there is velikoljubovnaja a letter, and that spiritual business to fugitives is not necessary; ashche and behind a forage which before tamo former from them davan was, or behind houses business became, and it does not demand that - de: has bo traktament from imperial majesty, and domy can employ. And on that these tako replied: we - de now cannot accept it, we shall not be reported yet it bogdyhanova majesties; and when there will be from the autocrat Russian a certain person, those, jako and we, full can having, and the contract will become about everything, for chim we have been sent and paki we shall be: Then and about this mister, having received a reason from ours milostivejshego sovereign, it will be expressed, whether it will be accepted, or not ". On death on January, 25, 1725 emperor Peter 1 and accession of empress Ekaterina business has moved forward. The question on the Mongolian deserters has been solved for the benefit of the Chinese party and was poveleno to agent Lang who has stayed in Siberia after embassy of the Lion of Izmaylov, to report at the Chinese court yard on a parcel soon on proxy minister for the decision of some disputable clauses Nerchinskogo of the treatise (1689) and other questions. By the envoy has been appointed Illirijsky columns Savva Vladislavich on what the Synod was notified on July, 28 by board foreign has put, in reply to the application the column to allocate to it for departure of church service into ways of the priest and marching church, the Synod has decided: " If obstacles any from the party Chinese not vosposleduet, with it grafom to go there found in the Siberian province, in Irkutsk a monastery, Innokentiju, to bishop perejaslavskomu. And if evo, the bishop, there will not admit to go with it, grafom, onago the Irkutsk monastery to archimandrite Antoniju Platkovskomu, and during the stay of tamo annual to it for livelihood and protchih potreb the salary to receive from foreign board, on razsmotreniju, without impoverishment about what to that board and the decree of August 26 it is sent ". Having arrived in Selenginsk Vladislavich has sent the messenger with prosboju to accept it as the appointed extreme envoy. On May, 25, 1726 there has come news about that that for its acceptance two notable persons have been sent on border. " And as it, the extreme envoy.., from Selenginska to China has risen wrote preosvjashchennyj Innokenty to the Synod (on August, 21, 1726), and I went to it in the Arrow and, under the order evo, have handed over to it a copy with pisma Tushetuhanova (from September, 24, 1722)... And it of columns was promised, being at hanskom a court yard, about my reception tshchatsja, and has ordered to me to expect in Selenginsku from itself from border of news as its Chinese will accept and that about my miss they will make: bude will pass, to me to go immediately, and bude that neuchinjat; that to me to expect from it news from Beijing ". After appointment Savva Vladislavich informed to Petersburg: Savva Vladislavich on August, 31 to Petersburg: " The Chinese ministers (Longotu and Seki) which evo on border accepted, bishop Innokentija Kulchitskogo.., with it, grafom, to China without the decree hanskogo have not passed. And not chaet it that evo Chinese have accepted (prelate), how it, Vladislavich, heard, that at a court yard Chinese the person evo, bishop, in great degree is esteemed: ponezhe it from Siberia pisan " great mister " from what Chinese have taken suspitsiju, that as if it prevelikaja the person. And ministers and posylannomu to them to the courier (David Grave) spoke their agent Lang, that bogdyhan such prevelikuju the person never to accept povelit: ponezhe at them great mister, refers to their daddy or kutuhta. Also that on evo (Savvy) to diligence during the stay of at the Chinese court yard where already it from Siberia has gone, maybe, paki archimandrite and priests will be accepted, and bishop will never be admitted. And if instead of evo, bishop Innokentija, for dalnostiju from Sankt-piterburha to send other spiritual person difficultly: That is represented by it, columns Vladislavich, Voznesenskogo archimandrite Antonija who at Irkutsk a monastery lives and learns neskolko children to language mungalskomu, and was in Beijing, and the person is sober, and not without mind ". On October, 21, 1726 columns Vladislavich has driven in capital of Median empire with drumbeat and the music, met by gun firing of eight-thousand group of the Chinese army. During negotiations it not time lifted a question on life in Beijing the Russian bishop, but " About the spiritual person Chinese to hear did not want and have at all given up ", " On its many harassment, promised to accept three priests when prochija affairs will terminate, and the fourth which in Beijing is found, - for departure of service Bozhiej. And if more to demand, wrote columns to board foreign has put, and in those have given up. And it, Vladislavich, has been forced on that to be declined, as that and in the project of its (treatise) is written, also, that is mentioned, in Beijing rossijanom a court yard to give and on it church to build is free, vspomozheniem the Chinese ministers. And in that verbally promised with kljatvoju, that the church will be constructed by their expense though in the treatise of that vnest did not want ". The question on orthodox bishop in China thus has been closed, and the chief of Mission arh was resolved only in the beginning of XX century, when after revolt ihetuanej. Innokenty Figurovsky has been devoted in 1902 in bishop Perejaslavskogo, in memory of prelate Innokentija Kulchitskogo. 16 January, 1727 in the report of St.. Synod was postanovleno: " In execution Eja of Imperial Majesty imjannogo to the decree, over. Pravitelstvujushchy the Synod have ordered: about life preosv. Innokentiju, to bishop pereslavskomu, nowadays in Irkutsku the present bishop and about titulovanii itself on that diocese, as before was ". Prelate not long still worked at the flock and pochil about the Lord on November, 26, 1731, its power, open on October, 28, 1804 appeared imperishable. Negotiations were tightened till August, 20, 1727, and general Kjahtinsky the treatise has been made on October, 21 the same year. Its signing has taken place in Beijing only on June, 14, 1728. This treatise has made more than a century epoch in the russko-Chinese attitudes, for Mission special value the fifth clause of the treatise, saying the following from now on has received: " Koen or the house which nowadays for Russian in Beijing is found, will be for Russians and henceforth visitors, these will live in sem the house. And that Russian ambassador Illirijsky of columns Savva Vladislavich represented about a structure of church, zdelana in sem the house vspomozheniem the grandee which have nadsmotrenie in affairs Russian. In sem the house there will live one llama (priest), nowadays in Beijing found, and other three llamas (priest) who will arrive as it is solved will be added. When will arrive, the forage as it is given semu which before has arrived will be given by him and at the same church will be put. Rossijanom it will not be forbidden molitisja and pochitati the god under the law. Besides four boys of pupils, and two pobolshago age which in Russian and on - latyne know also which the ambassador Russian Illirijskoj columns Savva Vladislavich hoshchet to leave in Beijing for training languages, will live also in sem the house, and the forage will be given by him from imperial expense. And when will be taught, at the will yes vozmutsja back. " According to sim St.. Synod on presentation of empress has defined on January, 9, 1727: " Pomjanutogo Voznesenskogo a monastery arh. Antonija Platkovskogo and at it church attendants and trainees mungalskogo language of pupils departure to make preosvjashchennomu Antoniju to metropolitan Tobolsk and Siberian... ", on February, 17 mitr. Antony has sent decrees svjat. Innokentiju having accompanied with the instructions: " having waited for return column Vladislavicha and if about reception of the spiritual person, and imjanno archimandrite, instead of other whom (bishop) the permission written from khan Chinese will be, then to it, to archimandrite, both the decree objavivshi to hand over and departure to repair... ". On the basis of decrees of St.. Synod, preosv. Antonija and svjat. Innokentija the structure of Mission has been authorized in such kind: 1. The chief of mission archimandrite Antony Platkovsky, the prior Irkutsk Voznesenskogo a monastery. 2. Priest John Filippov Filimonov, the prior transbaikalian Treskovskoj the Arkhangelsk church. 3. Ierodiakon Ioasaf Ivanovo. Pupils: 4. Gerasim Shulgin (U on February, 28, 1735 in Beijing), orphan Novodevichja of a monastery; since 1725 the pupil of the Mongolian school arh. Antonija. 1. Michael Afanasev Ponomarev (U on October, 18, 1738 in Beijing), on a monument, sorts ierejskogo, from JAlutorovskogo Rogatovskogo posada. Too the pupil of the Mongolian school arh. Antonija. 2. Illarion Rossohin (U in 1761 in S-Petersburg), from. Selenginska, the son of the priest. Since 1725 the pupil of school arh. Antonija. With a caravan in September, 1727 Vladislavich has sent to Beijing three more pupils appointed still in 1725 from slavjano-greko-latinskoj of academy. On October, 6 it wrote in reljatsii the following: " As Antony Platkovsky has arrived in Selenginsk already after holiday of a caravan and with itself has brought only one priest, and that the drunkard, ktomuzh Irkutsk bishop Innokenty complained of it in zabranii him from monastic treasury of more than 300 roubles and in ruin by him up to the end of a monastery, - archimandrite me plaintively asked to not send it nowadays to Beijing that in nebytnost its enemies it have not broken honour, poeliku it to a monastery is guilty nothing, and wishes to come back itself in a monastery and protivu the sent items from bishop Innokentija to reply, and when will be justified, for the spring with ohotoju rather to Beijing will go, - in respect sih the reasons this archimandrite from trip to China has been dismissed ". In July, 1728. Vladislavich has returned from Kyakhta to Irkutsk and has engaged in sending arh. Antonija with other members of Mission yet not sent in China, but because of different delays they arrived to Beijing only in June of the next 1729. According to novopodpisannym the treatise Mission has lodged in territory allocated for Russian ambassadorial court yard. Russian ambassadorial court yard (Vej-tun-guan) with church laid in the most brisk part of internal city and Donne - tszjao-mi-sjan has been located in extreme cross-section street. On this place there was before a Russian trading farmstead, former Russian envoys, agents and messengers here again stopped. As favourable on a site, a farmstead it has been elected by envoys Izmaylov and Vladislavichem for an ambassadorial court yard and a monastery. It was near to an imperial palace, offices and trading Chinese city. Russian ambassadorial court yard was covered from east party with the narrow-minded structures lasting along quay of the imperial channel (Jung - juj-he). From the West and partly the north the place conceded by Russian, bordered on the area, an assembly point of the Mongols coming to Beijing. From other part of northern party Russian place has been surrounded with narrow-minded houses and (in northeast) the big garden of manchurian prince of third degree (Bej-le). The extensive ambassadorial court yard which has been built up quite by 1735, than 50 person could contain freely in itself more. But in 1729 in an arrival time of the second Mission, for clergy there was no especial premise at church, and members of Spiritual Mission should settle down in an ambassadorial court yard. Testing constraint, arh. Antony on February, 11, 1733 in the letter to Lang has declared, that for Mission three were required facing near church of a court yard which were on sale for 600 lan. These houses bought then, on ideas Antonija, should serve kelijami to archimandrite to churchmen and prichetnikam. Subsequently, in 1735, Antony has got one more house (on the West from an ambassadorial court yard) at manchurian Hou-minbija and has paid for it 120 lan silver (200 roubles) . To arrival to Beijing second Mission it has been built up in cherne and church at an ambassadorial court yard. Under the certificate of agent Lang, on Russian farmstead materials for construction of church on December, 28, 1727 have been brought: the tree, stones and a brick, " and January from 12 numbers (1728г.) have started to come people, which wild kamenja on the base to cut steel, both carpenters, and joiners, for manufacturing, that to this structure from a tree belongs, and it is possible to hope, Lang on March, 11, 1728 wrote, that pomjanutaja the church in two months besides that up to nutrennih uborov concerns, in the perfection will come. The model will be taken from French (northern) church: we about half in size against that will be ". In November, 1730. Vladichlavich informed in board foreign has put that the church bogdyhanskim koshtom is constructed and only is not present in it antiminsa. Thus Vladislavich found necessary to send arh .Antoniju 1000 roubles of money or to send from Moscow the icon painter. After that (on January, 16, 1731) In board it has been received donoshenie itself Antonija, the asked decree of the Synod about the name of church and asked on construction of a belltower and purchase of utensils 3500 rub.. In one of the reports arh. Antony informed St.. Synod, that in 1733 it had conversation with the Chinese misters about novopostroennoj churches on an ambassadorial court yard. And those Chinese have showed Antoniju the opinion, that in 6-th white Chinese month, i.e. In February, the holiday in novopostroennoj churches would be. As well novokreshchennye Chinese advised Antoniju to be to a holiday in February. Thereof it asked to consecrate church in the name of Sretenija Gospodnja. This question has been solved already at the third Mission. As to up to albazinskoj and the utensils from it has been transferred to church she has failed during earthquake in novopostroennuju. In promemorii от5 July, 1732 agent Lang, being in Beijing wrote arh. Antoniju the following: " Beijing arh., to the fairest about. Antoniju Platkovskomu: this 1732, May 15 days, in prositelnom donoshenii churches svjat. Nikolay of head Dmitry Nesterov, pjatidesjatnika Kozmy, translator Jacob Savin and all other to this church of parishioners it is written: ponezhe-de ago third year in the eighth month (i.e. August), in 19 number this church from great earthquake all has collapsed, and to serve it was not possible, that - de for the sake of they, the head with prihozhany, at will to the this church the expense from old and new materials again have constructed and then asked priests that this church to consecrate and under the Christian law service to send. But this church and on this time costs without consecration. And that de poveleno was nowadays this church to consecrate and still in this to serve. That for the sake of, yours prepodobie, was written by Lang, yes have a kind feeling about svjashchenii vyshepokazannoj churches to apply the diligence that in this service Bozhija was still sent, and about that uchenit as decrees " rule Eja Imperial Majesty. This promemoriju Antony answered, that without the decree from St.. Synod it does not dare to consecrate albazinsky a temple. Probably on blessing preosv. Innokentija Irkutsk the church has been consecrated in the name of Uspenija Bozhiej Mothers (on August, 15), but still was called Nikolskoju. Under the modern description (от1736), " Church Nikolskaja was stone, odnoglavaja, the chapter small is gilt, a belltower at church on four wooden columns with 1 bell, 2-мя the Chinese bowls and 4-мя pig-iron kolokolechkami ". Imperial doors were carved, shabby (it is probable, from former church), there were also icons with an image of Nikolay chudotvortsa mozhajskogo type. The community albazintsev by then has consisted of approximately 50 court yard, not ranking to them pribyvavshih gradually inverted of Chinese. Arh. Antony informed St.. Synod on December, 3, 1732, that on March, 25, 1731 nine Chinese have accepted Russian orthodox belief, and all kreshchennyh Chinese muzheska a floor was 25 person, yes prepared for a christening 8 more person. " And from that number in all months come on one and on two persons to a christening and including there are rich and fair people, and others poor. And rich trading to themselves by a christening of a shirt, stockings, boots having made, bring, only crosses srebrenye it, archimandrite, from itself gives, which it from Russia has still brought with itself(himself) (1 1\2 ten), and poor shirts, stockings, boots it, archimandrite, buys for the private money and crosses gives also all rozdal. In China of crosses are not able to do, and the need was in them. Therefore Antony asked to send it of crosses with 500, also there are some money to purchase of shirts, stockings, boots, instead of an alms. " From such alms the best hunting the Chinese people to have will and come to a christening ". Thus it asked to send and " from 500 icons of the Savior and the Mother of god, meroju in three vershoks, for distribution in domy and bogomolenija novokreshchennym ". In days of the second Mission at albazinskom a temple lived priest Lavrenty and three prichetnikov, arrived still with arh. Illarionom Lezhajskim, yes one Chinese serving in psalmopenii without traktamenta. Arh. Antony in board foreign has put about priest Lavrentie from albazinskoj churches от16 January, 1731: It " to it repairs disobedience ponezhe from old church to new does not pass, and naustil Chinese tolmacha (Jacob Savin) that evo archimandrite to force that it has passed from new church to old and that about transition to old church it has submitted, Platkovsky, to khan and ministers donoshenie. And it, Platkovsky, keeping honour of the state and the treatise, and naipache without decree Eja of Imperial Majesty and blessing of St.. Synod to pass to old church does not dare ". In 1732 arh. Antony again complained of priest Lavrentija: " In the treatise with Chinese (1728) It was necessary, that on ambassadorial to a court yard to old priest Lavrentiju with us together to live at novopostroennoj churches Eja of imperial Majesty, and for that the salary big on 130 roubles a year is determined. And at old church to it, the priest, salaries it was given in a year only on 20 roubles. And Lavrenty Lang, it is not known for what case, the treatise has destroyed also to priest Lavrentiju at old church to live the pismom zaruchnym has ratified. And that was made by Lang itself, without decree Eja of Imperial Majesty and so on a court yard ambassadorial the church (then yet not consecrated) without singing and without priests and prichetnikov has remained is destroyed ". Arh. Antony at this time required the assistant owing to the quarrel with priest Ivan Filimonovym who has wounded hand Antoniju in 1731 (on June, 22). For it Filimonov has been sent to Russia, Antony with a sick hand has remained without the assistant. It was difficult for priest Lavrentiju to pass from a hatched jack to ambassadorial church for 6 versts. At albazinskom a temple at Lavrentija the house and a full facilities, even with three slaves was. Lavrenty was also the land owner. All this it has received from bogdyhana as a tangerine of 7-th degree. Pupils in Beijing at the second Mission was six person. All pupils were located in ustrojavshemsja then Russian farmstead. From Russian government they received on 130 roubles a year, and about Chinese - on three lany in a month (about 6 roubles) and identical with other members of Mission the natural maintenance. This salary was insufficiently at dearness of a life in Beijing. Under the certificate of the courier, captain Petrov, pupils asked times in mungalskom the order on 50 lan silver on loan, but to them refused with reprimand for their impudence. However, the salary determined from the Chinese government and the maintenance was given out to pupils accurately, but from Russia came not always in time. For training pupils to languages, bogdyhan on August, 3, 1729 has defined to them teachers of the Chinese and manchurian languages. Pupil Rassohin, soon having got acquainted with the Chinese language, has been determined in the Beijing Board Foreign has put for translation of sheets between Russian and Chinese the governments, together with for training young Chinese pupils to translation and the Russian letter. After its departure Russia (in 1741), Its place has taken up, under the decree bogdyhana, pupil Vladykin with the annual salary on 40 lan. The beginning of drawing up of a lexicon concerns to time of stay in Beijing these first pupils in 4 languages - Russian, latin, Chinese and manchurian, that, probably, was collective work of all pupils. The second Mission has not justified many cares of it of the Russian government: the misses in a moral life they have spoiled the first good impression of Chinese about representatives of Orthodoxy. To its members which are not having the strong moral base, the feat of a life among the closed, despising Europeans of Chinese and between dichavshimi descendants albazintsev was very heavy, and poroju and is not born. Modern to that epoch documents specify indirect participation in affairs of orthodox Mission of the Catholic missionaries interfering in this party, taking from this the benefits and pleased to disgraces tvorimym wide Russian natures. From the first trip position of orthodox Mission was not pleasant arh. Antoniju, possessed stern temper. In the application addressed to emperor Peter Vtorogo from October, 31, 1728 it has put on a kind, that " died arh. Illarion Lezhajsky and other church attendants in China for the small salary from khan all are written down with their citizens in service that is very shameful pred jesuits to us, velikorossijanam ", added Antony, and asked to live on a liberty, similarly to Catholic missionaries. This aspiration to life on a liberty also serves harakteristicheskoju chertoju behaviour of members of the second Mission. Under Lang's indications, ierod. Ioasafa and pupils Voejkova and Rossohina arh. Antony, after the arrival the to Beijing on June, 16, 1729, this very day in mungalskom the order has declared the desire to return to Russia. It repeated the similar request on June, 9, 1730, on January, 14, 1731, on July, 20 and 31, 1732, on May, 11, 1733. It complained in the Synod, that alegamba (chairman) mungalskogo the order in what to it helps under applications, but supposes more to do in novopostroennoj than church everyones of larceny, from advice of jesuits causes desecration of church and reproach to it, to archimandrite, and also does not give watchmen for ohranenija to church. On a response of courier Petrov, " sija the spiritual person, to shame of fatherland, repeatedly submitting in mungalskom the order of the application - or to dismiss it to Russia, or to give it all church utensils (poeliku this is taken from other monastery that is why demand from it nowadays money for this, koih to it to take there is no place), has bored harassments to the tangerines which have enjoined, at last, prinest it the inventory of all church utensils with the indication of the price. Archimandrite, informing on May, 11, 1733 this inventory, demanded on costs of 20000 roubles. Then it was ordered it prinest samples tserkovnago attires; oblachili it in the tribunal in all oblachenie; Copes and (mitru) have ordered a cap to make, but have given up in a diamond ring which it, according to Petrov, bezstydnym in the image solicited, assuring ministers, as if without onago to it to serve it is impossible ". In the donoshenijah to the Synod and magazine arh. Antony complained on pridirki Lang, of disobedience about. Lavrentija, on excesses of pupils which showed Chinese the powerful force in fights with each other. In 1731 the Beijing ministry of external relations has sent through Irkutsk office a sheet in the Russian senate concerning an affair former between arh. Antoniem and priest John Filimonovym in whom the following was spoken: " the Priest imjanem Ivan Antonija has pricked the priest nozhem. We once supostatno steel. All to live in one place it not possible in any way, and Ivan back in your party to send - so it is sent. Then priest Ivan to your boundary governor have brought. And schoolboys between itself not in advice supostatno... " . On September, 20, 1730 ierodiakon Ioasaf as a tangerine of 7-th degree tipsy visors in bogdyhansky the palace, has made a noise there in chambers and has been accused even that has interrupted ministers, for what has got off daily only arrest. In 1734 arhiep. Feofan Prokopovich asked agent Lang on this funny fact. Lang has protected Ioasafa that ierodiakon has penetrated into a palace in a condition of diminished responsibility, but in chambers was not, and that it has interrupted ministers, it on it zatejano is vain. Ioasaf - manner good and at Chinese has come in deliberate znaemost; tokmo temporarily (instead of always) adheres intoxicated to a drink, but also from that vozderzhat it it is not hopeless ". Thanking semu Lorentz Lang's to certificate ierodiakon became a unique member of the second Mission to the rest in Beijing and after its dissolution. The spiritual heads has considered strictly behaviour of members of the second Mission. 4 more December, 1732 the decree of St.. Synod: instead of arh. Antonija Platkovskogo the person worthy should be elected; Also instead of found in Beijing svjashch. Lavrentija, svjashch. Ivan Filimonova and ierod. Ioasafa, disobedient also it is indecent there living, svary and fights there dejavshih, has been determined to send new members of Mission. It was entrusted to agent Lang to make consequence above archimandrite in Beijing and to deduce it to Russia. Consequence, in spirit of time was rather severe: Lang has subjected archimandrite to corporal punishment and then in circuits, under guards on it koshte has brought Antonija on all way from Beijing up to Petersburg (to 1737) . Last was we judge, is deprived arhimandrichjago a dignity and sent under supervision to number of a brotherhood to the Trinity - Sergievoj laurels. In such position it remained till 1744. This year Elizabeth Petrovna has undertaken travel in marked to laurels. Together with prochieju brotherhood Antony has been submitted gosudaryne which has paid to it attention and, having learned about it speed up, has enjoined to return to it a former dignity. Agreed with its will Antony Pereyaslavl - Zalesskogo Danilov of a monastery where has died on June, 15, 1746 is appointed by the prior. 9 September, 1734 Its Imperial Majesty, under report Feofana, arhiep. Velikonovogradskogo (Prokopovich), has verbally enjoined to make for archimandrite former at the Beijing caravan ieromonaha Illariona Trusova. Maloross, ierom. Illarion, 12 years serving up to that on Kamchatka in a rank ship ieromonaha, and has then consisted at Tobolsk arhierejskom the house. In its 1727 have appointed karavannym the priest. Sostoja in Beijing at Mission, it ball is accused arh. Antoniem that has purposely dirtied ink " printed about voznoshenii in svjashchennosluzhenijah the Imperial surname the form ". For what it has been sent to Russia and brought in Moscow (14.09.1733) where it managed to be justified. After product in a dignity (14.09.1734) it has been appointed by the prior of an Irkutsk transbaikalian Preobrazhenskiy monastery and "nakaznym" archimandrite Beijing Sretenskogo a monastery. After product in a dignity arh. Illarion asked to define to new church prichetnikom kuriltsa Jacob Ivanov, vospriemlemogo its son whom it has taken out from " Kamchatka zemlitsy ". Then the new Chief has renewed the request about. Antonija about icons and copes. The need in mitre, a circle of church books, the rules, censers, a church chandelier, two candlesticks was exact also. For moulding bells in Beijing there were potrebny people. There were no crosses for novokreshchennyh and money him on shirts, ports, stockings and boots. At the end of the report arh. Illariona the need in purchase two person for sentry of church was expressed. Definition of St.. Synod on November, 6 has taken place: 1.arh. Illarionu to take with itself found in Irkutsk two ieromonahov Chudovo the Moscow monastery sent earlier (Lavrenty Uvarov and Antony Lhovsky). 2.Po arrival in Beijing to consecrate novopostroennuju church in the name of Sretenija Gospodnja. 3.Objavit to the Russian pupils that they " are hardy in Beijing, did not drink and without the doctrine in idleness of the days did not lose also any bezchiny did not do, and to archimandrite were obedient without everyone prekoslovija ". 4.Pri new church on an ambassadorial court yard to be to the archimandrite, one ieromonahu, ierodiakonu, to a two prichetnikam (kuriltsu and to the Chinese staying in psalmochtenii before at Nikolskoj of church (without traktomenta)) and to the watchman trapezniku which also has consisted before at albazinskoj churches. At old church: to one ieromonahu and two old prichetnikam. 5.V solemn and viktorialnye days service to make soborne in Sretenskoj Churches where to call neotmenno pupils and uveshchanijami - Chinese the Russian piety of inhabitants. Caravan with which there arrived members of new Mission has entered the Chinese limits on June, 9, 1736 and only on November, 10 has arrived to Beijing. At this time there was an important event - after 13 years of board emperor Young - chzhen (27.09.1736) has died and on a throne its 4-th son Abkaj Vehehe (manchzh. has entered: the sky voznesennyj), pravivshy as well as its grandfather of 60 years till 1796. Arh. Illarion almost at once has started consecration of a temple and has made it at participation of all clerics found in Beijing (both missijskih and karavannyh), only under examination arh. Antony has not been admitted to participation. At a temple has been based Sretensky a monastery. Then karavannye priest Ivan and ierod. Victor have started a writing of images in novoosvjashchennuju church, with what calculation and they have been sent to China. Were involved for pisanija and the local Catholics, to one of them Lang uplotil for painting of icons 160 lan. Before departure Lorentz Lang has elicited at the Chinese tribunal, according to the request arh. Antonija from 1728 to emperor Peter Vtoromu, " that as vysherechennyj main priest Trusov, and other under it vlastiju at both tserkvah priests and prichetniki... In any other grades were not poverstany, is lower in one hundred Russian have been conducted: to priests and any rank to churchmen, on Christian usage, other grades to have it is never permitted ". On what has received the full consent. But also to members of the third Mission there were same problems as with previous: weight of a capital climate forced to ask for Russia so ieromonah Lavrenty Uvarov to the first has sent the application on returning on a painful condition (on July, 7, 1740), From February, 23, 1741 it has been transferred by the report of the Synod in an Irkutsk diocese. And the second ieromonah has submitted to 1742 the application on departure, but the decision on its business has come only to 1745 and still a year after it has left Mission. Archimandrite began to show attributes of moral weariness and has got eventually under court as well as its predecessor: in 1740 ieromonahi Lavrenty and Antony, ierod. Ioasaf and prichetnik Peter Ivliev have written on it a sheet to St.. Synod where informed that " during the stay of the in Beijing this archimandrite, not storing a post of the rank, under the instruction given to it, and having overlooked fear Divine, always addresses in untimely drunkenness and svjashchennosluzhenija church sends a little... That for the sake of we about all it nesluzhenii... To it to archimandrite repeatedly soborne at all also declared... On that it was stipulated: I de here am sent not for that... " . Further members of Mission accused Illariona that it was unsteady drunk and in a female dress on a monastery, than raised laughter in Chinese, from treasury Nikolskoj of church has spent 158 lan. On representation karavannogo directors Firsova on place Illariona have been appointed the deputy of the same transbaikalian monastery, in which nastojatelstvoval arh. Illarion - ierom. Lavrenty Bobrovnikov. The synod has decided direktory together with about. Lavrentiem to interrogate about. Illariona, having arranged it confrontations with prosecutors and if it appears guilty that and to take out it to Irkutsk; but archimandrite Illarion has not waited court above itself: caravan Firsova has arrived to Beijing on September, 24, 1741, and about. Illarion has died on April, 22. Trial made nevertheless has confirmed accusatory items. Ieromonah Lavrenty zhivja in monastic kelijah without language and without the relations with Chinese, could not bear long the solitude, study in the Chinese language felt unable. Therefore soon after departure Firsova, it has sent the application in over. The Synod about dismissal from the Beijing service, representing, that there for the sermon of Word Bozhija is necessary the prior from scientists, with same ieromonahami. The fourth Mission has not found in alive ieromonaha Lavrentija which has died shortly before its arrival in Beijing on April, 24, 1745.